Paradigms
- In Chapter 7 we learned the paradigms of Latin nouns in the nominative and accusative case.
- Remember these?
Singular
Nominative Accusative Plural Nominative Accusative |
1st Declension
Ancilla Ancillam Ancillae Ancillas |
2nd Declension
Hortus Hortum Hortī Hortōs |
3rd Declension
Pater Patrem Patrēs Patrēs |
- Nominative and Accusative aren't the only cases a noun has. There are quite a few more. This chapter, we will learn a new case called the ablative case. These are used after certain prepositions. We will talk about this later. Let's take a look at the ablative endings.
Singular Plural |
1st Declension
-ā -īs |
2nd Declension
-ō -īs |
3rd Declension
-e -ibus |
Applying Ablatives as Nouns in Prepositions
- Ablatives and accusatives are found in prepositional phrases after a preposition. Some prepositions are followed by an ablative, and some by an accusative.
- The prepositions "ad (to, towards)", "per (through)", "prope (near)", and "in (into)" are followed by an accusative.
- The prepositions "in (in/on)", "cum (with)", "ex/ē (out of)", and "sub (under)" are followed by an ablative.
- Notice that the preposition "in" was mentioned both in the accusative case and the ablative case. The difference is that when followed by an ablative, in means in/on, and in followed by an accusative means into. Let's look at some examples
- In piscinam = into the fishpond ; In piscinā = in the fishpond.
- See the difference? Now, to finish up this chapter's morphology, let's apply our skills with real nouns in the nominative, accusative, and ablative case.
Singular
Nominative Accusative Ablative Plural Nominative Accusative Ablative |
1st Declension
Femina Feminam Feminā Feminae Feminās Feminīs |
2nd Declension
Servus Servum Servō Servī Servōs Servīs |
3rd Declension
Princeps Principem Principe Principēs Principēs Principibus |